About JCDL. (2012). In Joint Conference on Digital Libraries. Retrieved from http://www.jcdl.org/about.php
Ackerman, M. S. (1994). Providing social interaction in the digital library. In J. L. Shnase, J. L. Leggett, R. K. Furuta, & T. Metcalfe (Eds.), Digital Libraries ’94: Proceedings of the first annual conference on the theory and practice of digital libraries (pp. 198–200). College Station, TX: Texas A&M University. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.48.2437&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Activity. (2014). Oxford English Dictionary [Online version]. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Retrieved from http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/1958?redirectedFrom=activity#eid
Agre, P. E. (2003). Information and institutional change: The case of digital libraries. In A. P. Bishop, N. A. Van House, & B. P. Buttenfield (Eds.), Digital library use: Social practice in design and evaluation (pp. 219–240). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Ahuvia, A. (2001). Traditional, interpretive, and reception based content analyses: Improving the ability of content analysis to address issues of pragmatic and theoretical concern. Social Indicators Research, 54, 139–172. doi:10.1023/A:1011087813505
Akbar, M., Fan, W., Shaffer, C. A., Chen, Y., Cassel, L., Delcambre, L., … Fox, E. A. (2011). Digital library 2.0 for educational resources. In S. Gradmann, F. Borri, C. Meghini, & H. Schuldt (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Computer Science: Vol. 6966. Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries: Proceedings of the 2011 International Conference on Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries, TPDL 2011 (pp. 89–100), Berlin, Germany, September 26–28, 2011. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag.
Akkerman, S. F., & Bakker, A. (2011). Boundary crossing and boundary objects. Review of Educational Research, 81, 132–169. doi:10.3102/0034654311404435
Alemu, G., Stevens, B., & Ross, P. (2012). Towards a conceptual framework for user-driven semantic metadata interoperability in digital libraries: A social constructivist approach. New Library World, 113(1/2), 38–54. doi:10.1108/03074801211199031
Amin, A., & Roberts, J. (2008). Knowing in action: Beyond communities of practice. Research Policy, 37, 353–369. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2007.11.003
Answerbag. (2009). Answerbag [Archived version]. Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/20091027222926/http://www.answerbag.com/
Ardichvili, A. (2008). Learning and knowledge sharing in virtual communities of practice: Motivators, barriers, and enablers. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 10, 541–554. doi:10.1177/1523422308319536
Ardichvili, A., Page, V., & Wentling, T. (2003). Motivation and barriers to participation in virtual knowledge-sharing communities of practice. Journal of Knowledge Management, 7, 64–77. doi:10.1108/13673270310463626
Arko, R. A., Ginger, K. M., Kastens, K. A., & Weatherley, J. (2006). Using annotations to add value to a digital library for education. D-Lib Magazine, 12(5). doi:10.1045/may2006-arko
Arms, W. (2000). Digital libraries. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
AuYeung, C., Dalton, S., & Gornall, S. (2007). Book Buzz: Online 24/7: Virtual reading clubs and what we’ve learned about them. Partnership: The Canadian Journal of Library and Information Practice and Research, 2(2). Retrieved from http://www.criticalimprov.com/index.php/perj/article/view/237
Babbie, E. (2007). The practice of social research (11th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.
Bannon, L. J. (1997). Dwelling in the “great divide”: The case for HCI and CSCW. In G. C. Bowker, S. L. Star, W. Turner, & L. Gasser (Eds.), Social science, technical systems, and cooperative work: Beyond the great divide (pp. 355–377). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Bauer, M. W., & Aarts, B. (2000). Corpus construction: A principle for qualitative data collection. In M. W. Bauer & G. Gaskell (Eds.), Qualitative researching with text, image and sound (pp. 19–37). London, UK: Sage.
Bearman, D. A. (2007). Digital libraries. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 41, 223–272. doi:10.1002/aris.2007.1440410112
Bearman, D. A., & Trant, J. (2005). Social terminology enhancement through vernacular engagement: Exploring collaborative annotation to encourage interaction with museum collections. D-Lib Magazine, 11(9). doi:10.1045/september2005-bearman
Bechky, B. A. (2003). Sharing meaning across occupational communities: The transformation of understanding on a production floor. Organization Science, 14, 312–330.
Becker, H. S. (1999). The Chicago School, so-called. Qualitative Sociology, 22, 3–12. doi:10.1023/A:1022107414846
Bieber, M., Engelbart, D., Furuta, R., Hiltz, S. R., Noll, J., Preece, J., . . ., Van de Walle, B. (2002). Toward virtual community knowledge evolution. Journal of Management Information Systems, 18, 11–35.
Bishop, A. P. (1999). Making digital libraries go: Comparing use across genres. In E. A. Fox & N. Rowe (Eds.), Proceedings of the fourth ACM conference on digital libraries (pp. 94–103). New York, NY: ACM. doi:10.1145/313238.313267
Bishop, A. P., Neumann, L. J., Star, S. L., Merkel, C., Ignacio, E., & Sandusky, R. J. (2000). Digital libraries: Situating use in changing information infrastructure. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 51, 394–413. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097–4571(2000)51:4<394::AID-ASI8>3.0.CO;2-Q
Bødker, S., & Christiansen, E. (1997). Scenarios as springboards in CSCW design. In G. C. Bowker, S. L. Star, W. Turner, & L. Gasser (Eds.), Social science, technical systems, and cooperative work: Beyond the great divide (pp. 217–233). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Borgman, C. L. (1999). What are digital libraries? Competing visions. Information Processing and Management, 35, 227–243. doi:10.1016/S0306–4573(98)00059–4
Bowker, G. C., & Star, S. L. (1999). Sorting things out: Classification and its consequences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
boyd, D. (2014). Identity: Why do teens seem strange online? In It’s complicated: The social lives of networked teens (pp. 54–76). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Brill, J. E. (2008). Likert scale. In Encyclopedia of survey research methods (vol. 1, pp. 427–429). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Brown, J. S., & Duguid, P. (1991). Organizational learning and communities-of-practice: Toward a unified view of working, learning, and innovation. Organization Science, 2, 40–57.
Brown, J. S., & Duguid, P. (1996). The social life of documents. First Monday, 1(1). Retrieved from http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/466/387
Brown, J. S., & Duguid, P. (1998). Organizing knowledge. California Management Review, 40, 90–111.
Brown, J. S., & Duguid, P. (2001). Knowledge and organization: A social-practice perspective. Organization Science, 12, 198–213.
Brown, J. S., & Duguid, P. (2002). The social life of information (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Brusilovsky, P., Cassel, L. N., Delcambre, L. M. L., Fox, E. A., Furuta, R., Garcia, D. D., … Yudelson, M. (2010). Social navigation for educational digital libraries. Procedia Computer Science, 1(2), 2889–2897. doi:10.1016/S1877–0509(10)00330–3
Buckland, M. K. (1991). Information as thing. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 42, 351–360. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097–4571(199106)42:5<351::AID-ASI5>3.0.CO;2–3
Burnett, G., Besant, M., & Chatman, E. A. (2001). Small worlds: Normative behavior in virtual communities and feminist bookselling. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 52, 536–547. doi:10.1002/asi.1102
Burnett, G., Burnett, K., Kazmer, M. M., Marty, P. F., Worrall, A., Knop, B., Hinnant, C. C., Stvilia, B., & Wu, S. (2014). Don’t tap on the glass, you’ll anger the fish! The information worlds of distributed scientific teams. In P. Fichman & H. Rosenbaum (Eds.), Social informatics: Past, present, and future (pp. 118–134). Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Burnett, G., & Buerkle, H. (2004). Information exchange in virtual communities: A comparative study. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 9(2). Retrieved from http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol9/issue2/burnett.html
Burnett, G., Dickey, M. H., Kazmer, M. M., & Chudoba, K. M. (2003). Inscription and interpretation of text: A cultural hermeneutic examination of virtual community. Information Research, 9(1). Retrieved from http://informationr.net/ir/9–1/paper162.html
Burnett, G., & Jaeger, P. T. (2008). Small worlds, lifeworlds, and information: The ramifications of the information behaviour of social groups in public policy and the public sphere. Information Research, 13(2). Retrieved from http://informationr.net/ir/13–2/paper346.html
Burnett, K., Burnett, G., Kazmer, M. M., & Hinnant, C. C. (2012). Exploring the interaction between team and data lifecycles to promote long-term innovative programs of research (Unpublished NSF VOSS grant proposal). Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University.
Burnett, K., Burnett, G., Kazmer, M. M., Stvilia, B., Marty, P. F., & Hinnant, C. C. (2009). VOSS: Virtual scientific teams: Life-cycle formation and long-term scientific collaboration (Funded NSF grant proposal, Award No. 0942855). Tallahassee, FL: Florida State University. Retrieved from http://voss.cci.fsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/voss-proposal.pdf
Burnett, K., Subramaniam, M. M., & Gibson, A. N. (2009). Latinas cross the IT border: Understanding gender as a boundary object between information worlds. First Monday, 14(9). Retrieved from http://ojphi.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/viewArticle/2581/2286
Bush, V. (1945). As we may think. The Atlantic Monthly, 176, 101–108.
Butterfield, L. D., Borgen, W. A., Amundson, N. E., & Maglio, A.-S. T. (2005). Fifty years of the critical incident technique: 1954–2004 and beyond. Qualitative Research, 5, 475–497. doi:10.1177/1468794105056924
Candela, L., Castelli, D., Pagano, P., Thanos, C., Ioannidis, Y., Koutrika, G., . . . , Schuldt, H. (2007). Setting the foundations of digital libraries: The DELOS manifesto. D-Lib Magazine, 13(3/4). Retrieved from http://www.dlib.org/dlib/march07/castelli/03castelli.html
Candela, L., & Straccia, U. (2003). The personalized, collaborative digital library environment CYCLADES and its collections management. In J. Callan, F. Crestani, & M. Sanderson (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Computer Science: Vol. 2924. Distributed Multimedia Information Retrieval (pp. 156–172). Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag.
Carlile, P. R. (2002). A pragmatic view of knowledge and boundaries: Boundary objects in new product development. Organization Science, 13, 442–455.
Carlile, P. R. (2004). Transferring, translating, and transforming: An integrative framework for managing knowledge across boundaries. Organization Science, 15, 555–568.
Case, D. O. (2012). Looking for information: A survey of research on information seeking, needs, and behavior (3rd ed.). Bingley, UK: Emerald.
Chanal, V., & Kimble, C. (2010). Born to be wild: Using communities of practice as a tool for knowledge management. Paper presented at Ethicomp 2010: The “backwards, forwards and sideways” changes of ICT, Tarragona, Spain. Retrieved from http://arxiv.org/abs/1004.4909
Chandler, O. (2012). Goodreads transitions to new data sources. Goodreads blog. Retrieved from http://www.goodreads.com/blog/show/338-goodreads-transitions-to-new-data-sources
Chandler, O. (2013). Exciting news about Goodreads: We’re joining the Amazon family! Goodreads blog. Retrieved from http://www.goodreads.com/blog/show/413-exciting-news-about-goodreads-we-re-joining-the-amazon-family
Chang, H.-C. (2009). Emotion barometer of reading: User interface design of a social cataloging website. In D. R. Olsen, Jr. (Chair), CHI ’09 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 3371–3376), Boston, MA, April 4–9, 2009. New York, NY: ACM. doi:10.1145/1520340.1520488
Charmaz, K. (2006). Coding in grounded theory practice. In Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis (pp. 42–71). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Chatman, E. A. (1983). The diffusion of information among the working poor (Doctoral dissertation). University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA. Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (8328818)
Chatman, E. A. (1987). The information world of low-skilled workers. Library and Information Science Research, 9, 265–283.
Chatman, E. A. (1991). Life in a small world: Applicability of gratification theory to information‐seeking behavior. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 42, 438–449. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097–4571(199107)42:6<438::AID-ASI6>3.0.CO;2-B
Chatman, E. A. (1992). The information world of retired women. New York, NY: Greenwood Press.
Chatman, E. A. (1996). The impoverished life-world of outsiders. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 47, 193–206. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097–4571(199603) 47:3<193::AID-ASI3>3.0.CO;2-T
Chatman, E. A. (1999). A theory of life in the round. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 50, 207–217. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097–4571(1999)50:3<207::AID-ASI3>3.0.CO;2–8
Chatman, E. A. (2000). Framing social life in theory and research. The New Review of Information Behavior Research, 1, 3–17.
Chiu, C.-M., Hsu, M.-H., & Wang, E. T. G. (2006). Understanding knowledge sharing in virtual communities: An integration of social capital and social cognitive theories. Decision Support Systems, 42, 1872–1888. doi:10.1016/j.dss.2006.04.001
Chu, S. K.-W. (2008). TWiki for knowledge building and management. Online Information Review, 32, 745–758. doi:10.1108/14684520810923917
Clarke, A. E. (2010). In memoriam: Susan Leigh Star (1954–2010). Science, Technology & Human Values, 35, 581–600. doi:10.1177/0162243910378096
Clarke, A. E., & Star, S. L. (2008). The social worlds framework: A theory/methods package. In E. Hackett (Ed.), Handbook of science and technology studies (pp. 113–137). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Cohen, J. (1960). A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20, 37–46. doi:10.1177/001316446002000104
Compete, Inc. (2014). answerbag.com: 1,203,691 UVs for April 2014: Compete. Retrieved from https://siteanalytics.compete.com/answerbag.com#.U4–67141Y0o
Counts, S., & Fisher, K. E. (2010). Mobile social networking as information ground: A case study. Library and Information Science Research, 32, 98–115. doi:10.1016/ j.lisr.2009.10.003
Courtright, C. (2008). Context in information behavior research. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 41, 273–306. doi:10.1002/aris.2007.1440410113
Cox, A. (2005). What are communities of practice? A comparative review of four seminal works. Journal of Information Science, 31, 527–540. doi:10.1177/0165551505057016
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2011). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
CYCLADES. (n.d.). CYCLADES: An open collaborative virtual archive environment. Retrieved from http://www.ercim.eu/cyclades/
Daft, R. L., & Lengel, R. H. (1986). Organizational information requirements, media richness and structural design. Management Science, 32, 554–571.
Davenport, T. H., & Prusak, L. (2000). Working knowledge: How organizations manage what they know (Paperback edition). Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Dawes, J. (2008). Do data characteristics change according to the number of scale points used? International Journal of Market Research, 50, 61–77.
Dervin, B. (1977). Useful theory for librarianship: Communication, not information. Drexel Library Quarterly, 13(3), 16–32.
Duggan, M., & Smith, A. (2013). Social media update 2013 [Report]. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/2013/12/30/social-media-update–2013/
Duguid, P. (2005). The art of knowing: Social and tacit dimensions of knowledge and the limits of the community of practice. The Information Society, 21, 109–118. doi:10.1080/01972240590925311
Duguid, P. (2008). Community of practice then and now. In A. Amin & J. Roberts (Eds.), Community, economic creativity, and organization (pp. 1–10). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Edwards, P., Bowker, G., Jackson, S., & Williams, R. (2009). An agenda for infrastructure studies. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 10(5). Retrieved from http://aisel.aisnet.org/jais/vol10/iss5/6
Ellis, D. (1992). The physical and cognitive paradigms in information retrieval research. Journal of Documentation, 48, 45–64. doi:10.1108/eb026889
Ellis, D., Oldridge, R., & Vasconcelos, A. (2004). Community and virtual community. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 38, 145–186. doi:10.1002/aris.1440380104
Elsayed, A. M. (2010). Arab online book clubs: A survey. IFLA Journal, 36, 235–250. doi:10.1177/0340035210378864
Erdelez, S. (2005). Information encountering. In K. E. Fisher, S. Erdelez, & L. McKechnie (Eds.), Theories of information behavior (pp. 179–184). Medford, NJ: Information Today.
Farooq, U., Ganoe, C. H., Carroll, J. M., & Giles, C. L. (2009). Designing for e-science: Requirements gathering for collaboration in CiteSeer. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 67, 297–312. doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2007.10.005
Farrell, S., Lau, T., & Nusser, S. (2009). Building communities with people-tags. In C. Baranauskas, P. Palanque, J. Abascal, & S. D. J. Barbosa (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Computer Science: Volume 4663. Human-Computer Interaction - INTERACT 2007 (pp. 357–360). Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/978–3–540–74800–7
Fidel, R. (1984). The case study method: A case study. Library and Information Science Research, 6, 273–288.
Fischer, C. S. (1975). Toward a subcultural theory of urbanism. American Journal of Sociology, 80, 1319–1341.
Fisher, K. E., Durrance, J. C., & Hinton, M. B. (2004). Information grounds and the use of need-based services by immigrants in Queens, New York: A context-based, outcome evaluation approach. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 55, 754–766. doi:10.1002/asi.20019
Fisher, K. E., & Julien, H. (2009). Information behavior. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 43, 317–358. doi:10.1002/aris.2009.1440430114
Fisher, S., & Oulton, T. (1999). The critical incident technique in library and information management research. Education for Information, 17, 113–125.
Fister, B. (2005). “Reading as a contact sport”: Online book groups and the social dimensions of reading. Reference and User Services Quarterly, 44, 303–309.
Flanagan, J. C. (1954). The critical incident technique. Psychological Bulletin, 51, 327–358.
Fleischmann, K. R. (2007a). Digital libraries and human values: Human‐computer interaction meets social informatics. In A. Grove (Ed.), Proceedings of the 70th ASIS&T Annual Meeting: Joining research and practice: Social computing and information science. Silver Spring, MD: American Society for Information Science and Technology. doi:10.1002/meet.1450440229
Fleischmann, K. R. (2007b). Digital libraries with embedded values: Combining insights from LIS and science and technology studies. Library Quarterly, 77, 409–427. doi:10.1086/520997
Fleischmann, K. R. (2014). Social informatics, human values, and ICT design. In P. Fichman & H. Rosenbaum (Eds.), Social informatics: Past, present, and future (pp. 75–91). Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Fleiss, J. L. (1981). Statistical methods for rates and proportions (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Wiley.
Foasberg, N. M. (2012). Online reading communities: From book clubs to book blogs. The Journal of Social Media in Society, 1(1). Retrieved from http://www.thejsms.org/tsmri/index.php/TSMRI/article/view/3
Forsythe, D. E. (2001). Ethics and politics of studying up in technoscience. In Studying those who study us: An anthropologist in the world of artificial intelligence (pp. 119–131). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Foster, A., & Ford, N. (2003). Serendipity and information seeking: An empirical study. Journal of Documentation, 59, 321–340. doi:10.1108/00220410310472518
Fowler, F. J. (2002). Survey research methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Fox, E. A. (1999). The 5S framework for digital libraries and two case studies: NDLTD and CSTC. In C. Chen (Ed.), Information technology and global library development: Proceedings of NIT ’99. West Newton, MA: Microuse Information. Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/20061026125725/http://www.ndltd.org/pubs/nit99fox.doc
Fox, E. A., & Gonçalves, M. A. (2009). 5S framework for digital libraries. Retrieved from http://www.dlib.vt.edu/projects/5S-Model/
Fox, Edward A., & Urs, S. R. (2002). Digital libraries. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 36, 502–589. doi:10.1002/aris.1440360113
Fox, S. (2000). Communities of practice, Foucault and actor‐network theory. Journal of Management Studies, 37, 853–868. doi:10.1111/1467–6486.00207
Freeman, L. C. (2004). The development of social network analysis: A study in the sociology of science. Vancouver, BC, Canada: Empirical Press.
Frommholz, I., Brocks, H., Thiel, U., Neuhold, E., Iannone, L., Semeraro, G., . . ., Ceci, M. (2003). Document-centered collaboration for scholars in the humanities: The COLLATE system. In T. Koch & I. T. Sølvberg (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Computer Science: Vol. 2769. Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries (pp. 434–445). Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/b11967
Frost, J. H., & Massagli, M. P. (2008). Social uses of personal health information within PatientsLikeMe, an online patient community: What can happen when patients have access to one another’s data. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 10(3). doi:10.2196/jmir.1053
Frumkin, J. (2004). Defining digital libraries. OCLC Systems and Services, 20, 155–156. doi:10.1108/10650750410564637
Frumkin, J. (2005). The Wiki and the digital library. OCLC Systems & Services, 21, 18–22. doi:10.1108/10650750510578109
Fujimura, J. H. (1992). Crafting science: Standardized packages, boundary objects, and “translation.” In A. Pickering (Ed.), Science as practice and culture (pp. 168–211). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Fulton, C. (2010). An ordinary life in the round: Elfreda Annmary Chatman. Libraries and the Cultural Record, 45, 238–259. doi:10.1353/lac.0.0122
Gal, U., Yoo, Y., & Boland, R. J. (2004). The dynamics of boundary objects, social infrastructures and social identities. Sprouts: Working Papers on Information Systems, 4, 193–206. Retrieved from http://sprouts.aisnet.org/4–11
García-Crespo, Á., Gómez-Berbís, J. M., Colomo-Palacios, R., & García-Sánchez, F. (2011). Digital libraries and Web 3.0: The CallimachusDL approach. Computers in Human Behavior, 27, 1424–1430. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.07.046
Garton, L., Haythornthwaite, C., & Wellman, B. (1997). Studying online social networks. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 3(1). Retrieved from http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol3/issue1/garton.html
Gaskell, G., & Bauer, M. W. (2000). Towards public accountability: Beyond sampling, reliability, and validity. In M. W. Bauer & G. Gaskell (Eds.), Qualitative researching with text, image and sound (pp. 336–350). London, UK: Sage.
Gazan, R. (2008). Social annotations in digital library collections. D-Lib Magazine, 14(11/12). doi:10.1045/november2008-gazan
Geertz, C. (1973). Thick description: Toward an interpretive theory of culture. In The interpretation of cultures: Selected essays (pp. 3–30). New York, NY: Basic Books.
George, D., & Mallery, P. (2010). Reliability analysis. In SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference: 17.0 update (10th ed., pp. 221–232). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Gibson, A. N. (2011). Community, place and information behavior: A case study of parents of children with Down Syndrome and government sponsored information and services. In P. J. McKenzie, C. Johnson, & S. Stevenson (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2011 Canadian Association for Information Science conference: Exploring interactions of people, places and information. New Brunswick, NS, Canada: Canadian Association for Information Science. Retrieved from http://www.cais-acsi.ca/proceedings/2011/71_Gibson.pdf
Gibson, A. N. (2013). The influence of place-based communities on information behavior: A comparative grounded theory analysis (Doctoral dissertation). Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL. Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (3612416)
Glazier, J. D., & Grover, R. (2002). A multidisciplinary framework for theory building. Library Trends, 50, 317–329.
Golafshani, N. (2003). Understanding reliability and validity in qualitative research. The Qualitative Report, 8, 597–607.
Gonçalves, M. A., Fox, E. A., Watson, L. T., & Kipp, N. A. (2004). Streams, structures, spaces, scenarios, societies (5S): A formal model for digital libraries. ACM Transactions on Information Systems, 22, 270–312. doi:10.1145/984321.984325
Gooden, R. J., & Winefield, H. R. (2007). Breast and prostate cancer online discussion boards: A thematic analysis of gender differences and similarities. Journal of Health Psychology, 12, 103–114. doi:10.1177/1359105307071744
Goodreads. (2014a). About Goodreads. In Goodreads: Book reviews, recommendations, and discussion. Retrieved from http://www.goodreads.com/about/us
Goodreads. (2014b). How it works. In Goodreads: Book reviews, recommendations, and discussion. Retrieved from http://www.goodreads.com/about/how_it_works
Goodreads. (2014c). Librarian manual. In Goodreads: Book reviews, recommendations, and discussion. Retrieved from http://www.goodreads.com/librarian_manual
Greene, J. C. (2007). Mixed methods in social inquiry. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Greene, D. T. (2012). Reading as a communal practice: Examining the reading engagements, identity constructions, and social factors present in an online book club. Paper presented at the 2012 Association for Library and Information Science Education (ALISE) Annual Conference, Dallas, TX, January 17–20, 2012.
Grover, R., & Glazier, J. D. (1986). A conceptual framework for theory building in library and information science. Library and Information Science Research, 8, 227–242.
Gunawardena, S., Weber, R., & Agosto, D. E. (2010). Finding that special someone: Interdisciplinary collaboration in an academic context. Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, 51, 210–221.
Handley, K., Sturdy, A., Fincham, R., & Clark, T. (2006). Within and beyond communities of practice: Making sense of learning through participation, identity and practice. Journal of Management Studies, 43, 641–653. doi:10.1111/j.1467–6486.2006.00605.x
Hank, C., Jordan, M. W., & Wildemuth, B. M. (2009). Survey research. In B. M. Wildemuth (Ed.), Applications of social research methods to questions in information and library science (pp. 256–269). Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited.
Hansen, P., & Järvelin, K. (2005). Collaborative information retrieval in an information-intensive domain. Information Processing and Management, 41, 1101–1119. doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2004.04.016
Hara, N., & Fichman, P. (2014). Frameworks for understanding knowledge sharing in open online communities: Boundaries and boundary crossing. In P. Fichman & H. Rosenbaum (Eds.), Social informatics: Past, present, and future (pp. 92–104). Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Haythornthwaite, C. (2006). Articulating divides in distributed knowledge practice. Information, Communication, and Society, 9, 761–780. doi:10.1080/13691180601064113
Haythornthwaite, C. (2007). Social networks and online community. In A. Joinson, K. McKenna, T. Postmes, & U.-D. Reips (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of Internet psychology (pp. 121–137). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Henderson, K. (1991). Flexible sketches and inflexible data bases: Visual communication, conscription devices, and boundary objects in design engineering. Science, Technology, and Human Values, 16, 448–473. doi:10.1177/016224399101600402
Hillery, G. A. (1955). Definitions of community: Areas of agreement. Rural Sociology, 20, 111–123.
Hislop, D. (2004). The paradox of communities of practice: Knowledge sharing between communities. In P. Hildreth & C. Kimble (Eds.), Knowledge networks innovation through communities of practice (pp. 36–45). Hershey, PA: Idea Publishing.
Holsti, O. R. (1969). Content analysis for the social sciences and humanities. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Horton, K., Davenport, E., & Wood-Harper, T. (2005). Exploring sociotechnical interaction with Rob Kling: Five “big” ideas. Information Technology and People, 18, 50–67. doi:10.1108/09593840510584621
Hughes, J. (2007). Lost in translation: Communities of practice: The journey from academic model to practitioner tool. In J. Hughes, N. Jewson, & L. Unwin (Eds.), Communities of practice: Critical perspectives (pp. 30–40). New York, NY: Routledge.
Institute for Information Systems and Computer Media. (n.d.). Research Activities at the IICM. Retrieved from http://www.iicm.tugraz.at/research
International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions. (2009). Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records: Final report. The Hague, Netherlands: Author. Retrieved from http://www.ifla.org/files/cataloguing/frbr/frbr_2008.pdf
Jack, & Finley, E. (2013). Recently popular groups not working [discussion thread]. In Goodreads feedback discussion. from https://www.goodreads.com/topic/show/1266163-recently-popular-groups-not-working
Jaeger, P. T., & Burnett, G. (2010). Information worlds: Behavior, technology, and social context in the age of the Internet. New York, NY: Routledge.
Jones, S. G. (1995). Understanding community in the information age. In S. G. Jones (Ed.), CyberSociety: Computer-mediated communication and community (pp. 10–35). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Kahn, R. E., & Cerf, V. G. (1988). The Digital Library Project: Volume 1: The world of knowbots. Reston, VA: Corporation for National Research Initiatives. Retrieved from doi:4263537/2091
Kazmer, M. M., & Haythornthwaite, C. (2001). Juggling multiple social worlds: Distance students online and offline. American Behavioral Scientist, 45, 510–529. doi:10.1177/00027640121957196
Kazmer, M.M., Lustria, M. L. A., Cortese, J., Burnett, G., Kim, J.-H., Ma, J., & Frost, J. (2014). Distributed knowledge in an online patient support community: Authority and discovery. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 65, 1319–1334. doi:10.1002/asi.23064
Kazmer, M. M., & Xie, B. (2008). Qualitative interviewing in Internet studies: Playing with the media, playing with the method. Information, Communication and Society, 11, 257–278. doi:10.1080/13691180801946333
Kiernan, A. (2011). The growth of reading groups as a feminine leisure pursuit: Cultural democracy or dumbing down? In D. Rehberg Sedo (Ed.), Reading communities from salons to cyberspace (pp. 123–139). New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kimble, C., Grenier, C., & Goglio-Primard, K. (2010). Innovation and knowledge sharing across professional boundaries: Political interplay between boundary objects and brokers. International Journal of Information Management, 30, 437–444. doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2010.02.002
Kimble, C., & Hildreth, P. (2005). Dualities, distributed communities of practice and knowledge management. Journal of Knowledge Management, 9, 102–113. doi:10.1108/13673270510610369
Kling, R. (1999). What is social informatics and why does it matter? D-Lib Magazine, 5(1). doi:10.1045/january99-kling
Koepfler, J. A., & Fleischmann, K. R. (2011). Classifying values in informal communication: Adapting the meta-inventory of human values for tweets. In A. Grove (Ed.), Proceedings of the 74th ASIS&T Annual Meeting: Communication and information in society, technology and work, New Orleans, LA, October 9–12, 2011. Silver Spring, MD: American Society for Information Science and Technology. doi:10.1002/meet.2011.14504801116
Koepfler, J. A., & Fleischmann, K. R. (2012). Studying the values of hard-to-reach populations: Content analysis of tweets by the 21st century homeless. In J.-E. Mai (Chair), iConference 2012 proceedings (pp. 48–55), Toronto, Canada, February 7–10, 2012. New York, NY: ACM. doi:10.1145/2132176.2132183
Kolbitsch, J., & Maurer, H. (2006a). The transformation of the Web: How emerging communities shape the information we consume. Journal of Universal Computer Science, 12(2). doi:10.3217/jucs–012–02–0187
Kolbitsch, J., & Maurer, H. (2006b). Community building around encyclopaedic knowledge. Journal of Computing and Information Technology, 14, 175–190. doi:10.2498/cit.2006.03.01
Kolbitsch, J., Safran, C., & Maurer, H. (2007). Dynamic adaptation of content and structure in electronic encyclopaedias. Journal of Digital Information, 8(3). Retrieved from http://journals.tdl.org/jodi/article/viewArticle/237/191
Kraut, R., Wang, X., Butler, B., Joyce, E., & Burke, M. (2008). Beyond information: Developing the relationship between the individual and the group in online communities. Retrieved from http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~kraut/RKraut.site.files/articles/wang08-isr-relationship-rev2-submitted.pdf
Krippendorff, K. (2004a). Conceptual foundation. In Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology (2nd ed., pp. 18–43). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Krippendorff, K. (2004b). Reliability. In Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology (2nd ed., pp. 211–256). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Krowne, A. (2003). Building a digital library the commons-based peer production way. D-Lib Magazine, 9(10). doi:10.1045/october2003-krowne
Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2009). InterViews: Learning the craft of qualitative research interviewing (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Landbeck, C. R. (2013). The description and indexing of editorial cartoons: An exploratory study (Doctoral dissertation). Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL. Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (3564911)
Landis, J. R., & Joch, G. G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33, 159–174. doi:10.2307/2529310
Lankes, R. D. (2009). Participatory librarianship and digital libraries [Video file]. In R. David Lankes presents New Librarianship: blip.tv. Retrieved from http://blip.tv/r-david-lankes-presents-new-librarianship/participatory-librarianship-and-digital-libraries–692129
Lankes, R. D. (2011). The atlas of new librarianship. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Latour, B. (2005). Reassembling the social: An introduction to actor-network theory. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Lave, J. (2008). Situated learning and changing practice. In A. Amin & J. Roberts (Eds.), Community, economic creativity, and organization (pp. 283–296). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Lee, A. S. (1994). Electronic mail as a medium for rich communication: An empirical investigation using hermeneutic interpretation. MIS Quarterly, 18, 143–157.
Lee, C. P. (2007). Boundary negotiating artifacts: Unbinding the routine of boundary objects and embracing chaos in collaborative work. Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 16, 307–339. doi:10.1007/s10606–007–9044–5
Leonard-Barton, D. (1995). Wellsprings of knowledge: Building and sustaining the sources of innovation. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Lesk, M. (2005). Understanding digital libraries (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Morgan Kaufmann.
Levina, N., & Vaast, E. (2005). The emergence of boundary spanning competence in practice: Implications for implementation and use of information systems. MIS Quarterly, 29, 335–363.
Levy, D. M., & Marshall, C. C. (1995). Going digital: A look at assumptions underlying digital libraries. Communications of the ACM, 38(4), 77–84. doi:10.1145/205323.205346
LibraryThing. (2013). Common Knowledge. In WikiThing: LibraryThing’s Wiki. Retrieved from http://www.librarything.com/wiki/index.php/Common_Knowledge
LibraryThing. (2014). Zeitgeist. In LibraryThing: Catalog your books online. Retrieved from http://www.librarything.com/zeitgeist
LibraryThing. (n.d.-a). Who we are. In LibraryThing: Catalog your books online. Retrieved from http://www.librarything.com/whoweare.php
LibraryThing. (n.d.-b). About LibraryThing. In LibraryThing: Catalog your books online. Retrieved from http://www.librarything.com/about
LibraryThing. (n.d.-c). Tour. In LibraryThing: Catalog your books online. Retrieved from http://www.librarything.com/tour/
LibraryThing. (n.d.-d). A short introduction to LibraryThing. In LibraryThing: Catalog your books online. Retrieved from http://www.librarything.com/quickstart.php
Licklider, J. C. R. (1965). Libraries of the future. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Retrieved from http://openlibrary.org/
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985a). Implementing the naturalistic inquiry. In Naturalistic inquiry (pp. 250–288). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985b). Establishing trustworthiness. In Naturalistic inquiry (pp. 289–331). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Lu, C., Park, J., & Hu, X. (2010). User tags versus expert-assigned subject terms: A comparison of LibraryThing tags and Library of Congress Subject Headings. Journal of Information Science, 36, 763–779. doi:10.1177/0165551510386173
Lutters, W. G., & Ackerman, M. S. (2007). Beyond boundary objects: Collaborative reuse in aircraft technical support. Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 16, 341–372. doi:10.1007/s10606–006–9036-x
Lynch, C. (2005). Where do we go from here? The next decade for digital libraries. D-Lib Magazine, 11(7/8). doi:10.1045/july2005-lynch
Maclay, K. (2003, September 24). Profesor emeritus Patrick Wilson, librarian and philosopher, dies at 75. UC Berkeley NewsCenter. Press release. Retrieved from http://www.berkeley.edu/news/img/releases/2003/09/24_wilson.shtml
Marchionini, G. (1999). Augmenting library services: Towards the sharium. In K. Tabata & S. Sugimoto (Eds.), Proceedings of International Symposium on Digital Libraries 1999 (pp. 40–47). Tuskuba, Japan: University of Library and Information Science. Retrieved from http://ils.unc.edu/~march/sharium/ISDL.pdf
Marchionini, G., Plaisant, C., & Komlodi, A. (2003). The people in digital libraries: Multifaceted approaches to assessing needs and impact. In A. P. Bishop, N. A. Van House, & B. P. Buttenfield (Eds.), Digital library use: Social practice in design and evaluation (pp. 119–160). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Marchionini, G., Wildemuth, B. M., & Geisler, G. (2006). The Open Video Digital Library: A Möbius strip of research and practice. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 57, 1629–1643. doi:10.1002/asi.20336
Marshall, C. C., & Bly, S. (2004). Sharing encountered information: Digital libraries get a social life. In H. Chen, H. D. Wactlar, C. Chen, E.-P. Lim, & M. G. Christel (Eds.), Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (pp. 218–227). New York, NY: ACM. doi:10.1145/996350.996401
McIver, J. P., & Carmines, E. G. (1981). Unidimensional scaling. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Meleis, A. I. (1991). A model for evaluation of theories: Description, analysis, and critique of theory. In Theoretical nursing: Development and progress (2nd ed., pp. 213–245). Philadelphia, PA: J. B. Lippincott.
Meyers, E. M., Fisher, K. E., & Marcoux, E. (2009). Making sense of an information world: The everyday-life information behavior of preteens. Library Quarterly, 79, 301–341. doi:10.1086/599125
Milgram, S. (1967). The small world problem. Psychology Today, 2(1), 61–67.
Mills, K. L. (2010). Computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW). In M. J. Bates & M. N. Maack (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences (3rd ed., pp. 1234–1249). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Moreira, B. L., Gonçalves, M. A., Laender, A. H. F., & Fox, E. A. (2009). Automatic evaluation of digital libraries with 5SQual. Journal of Informetrics, 3, 102–123. doi:10.1016/j.joi.2008.12.003
Murillo, E. (2011). Communities of practice in the business and organization studies literature. Information Research, 16(1). Retrieved from http://informationr.net/ir/16–1/paper464.html
Naik, Y. (2012). Finding good reads on Goodreads: Readers take RA into their own hands. Reference and User Services Quarterly, 51, 319–323.
Nakamura, L. (2013). “Words with friends”: Socially networked reading on Goodreads. Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, 128, 238–243. doi:10.1632/pmla.2013.128.1.238
Naughton, R., & Lin, X. (2010). Recommender systems: Investigating the impact of recommendations on user choices and behaviors. In B. P. Knijnenburg, L. Schmidt-Thieme, & D. Bollen (Chairs), Proceedings of the ACM RecSys 2010 workshop on User-Centric Evaluation of Recommender Systems and Their Interfaces (UCERSTI) (pp. 9–13), Barcelona, Spain, September 30, 2010. CEUR. Retrieved from http://ceur-ws.org/Vol–612/paper2.pdf
Neuhold, E., Niederée, C., & Stewart, A. (2003). Personalization in digital libraries: An extended view. In T. M. T. Sembok, H. B. Zaman, H. Chen, S. R. Urs, & S. H. Myaeng (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Computer Science: Vol. 2911. Digital Libraries: Technology and Management of Indigenous Knowledge for Global Access (pp. 1–16). Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/b94517
Nichols, D., Pemberton, D., Dalhoumi, S., Larouk, O., Belisle, C., & Twidale, M. B. (2000). DEBORA: Developing an interface to support collaboration in a digital library. In J. Borbinha & T. Baker (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Computer Science: Vol. 1923: Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries (pp. 239–248). Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/3–540–45268–0_22
Nonaka, I. (1994). A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation. Organization Science, 5, 14–37.
Olson, G. M., & Olson, J. S. (2000). Distance matters. Human–Computer Interaction, 15, 139–178. doi:10.1207/S15327051HCI1523_4
Olson, J. S., Grudin, J., & Horvitz, E. (2005). A study of preferences for sharing and privacy. In G. van der Veer & C. Gale (Chairs), Proceedings of CHI ’05: Extended abstracts on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1985–1988), Portland, OR, April 2–7, 2005. New York, NY: ACM. doi:10.1145/1056808.1057073
Open Video Project. (n.d.). The Open Video Project: Contribute video. Retrieved from http://www.open-video.org/contribute.php
Organization. (2013). Oxford English Dictionary [Online version]. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Retrieved from http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/132452?redirectedFrom=organizations#eid
Orlikowski, W. J., & Robey, D. (1991). Information technology and the structuring of organizations. Information Systems Research, 2, 143–169. doi:10.1287/isre.2.2.143
Pawlowski, S. D., & Robey, D. (2004). Bridging user organizations: Knowledge brokering and the work of information technology professionals. MIS Quarterly, 28, 645–672.
Pawlowski, S. D., Robey, D., & Raven, A. (2000). Supporting shared information systems: Boundary objects, communities, and brokering. In W. J. Orlikowski (Ed.), Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Information Systems (pp. 329–338). Atlanta, GA: Association for Information Systems. Retrieved from http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=359640.359759
Pendleton, V. E., & Chatman, E. A. (1998). Small world lives: Implications for the public library. Library Trends, 46, 732–751.
Pettigrew, K. E. (1999). Waiting for chiropody: Contextual results from an ethnographic study of the information behaviour among attendees at community clinics. Information Processing and Management, 35, 801–817. doi:10.1016/S0306–4573(99)00027–8
Pomerantz, J., & Marchionini, G. (2007). The digital library as place. Journal of Documentation, 63, 505–533. doi:10.1108/00220410710758995
Preece, J., & Maloney-Krichmar, D. (2003). Online communities: Focusing on sociability and usability. In J. A. Jacko & A. Sears (Eds.), The human-computer interaction handbook (pp. 596–620). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
QSR International. (2012). Run a Coding Comparison query. In NVivo 10 help. Retrieved from http://help-nv10-en.qsrinternational.com/nv10_help.htm#procedures/run_a_coding_comparison_query.htm
Raber, D. (2003). The problem of information: An introduction to information science. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press.
Rayward, W. B. (1997). The origins of information science and the International Institute of Bibliography/International Federation for Information and Documentation (FID). Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 48, 289–300. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097–4571(199704)48:4<289::AID-ASI2>3.0.CO;2-S
Rehberg Sedo, D. (2003). Readers in reading groups: An online survey of face-to-face and virtual book clubs. Convergence, 9(1), 66–90. doi:10.1177/135485650300900105
Rehberg Sedo, D. (2011a). “I used to read anything that caught my eye, but …”: Cultural authority and intermediaries in a virtual young adult book club. In D. Rehberg Sedo (Ed.), Reading communities from salons to cyberspace (pp. 101–122). New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
Rehberg Sedo, D. (Ed.) (2011b). Reading communities from salons to cyberspace. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
Renda, M. E., & Straccia, U. (2005). A personalized collaborative digital library environment: A model and an application. Information Processing and Management, 41, 5–21. doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2004.04.007
Rheingold, H. (2000). The virtual community: Homesteading on the electronic frontier (revised ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Ribes, D., Wallis, J. C., Edwards, P., Bowker, G. C., Buyuktur, A. G., Jackson, S., & Borgman, C. L. (2012). The state of infrastructure studies. Discussion panel presented at iConference 2012, Toronto, Canada, February 7–10, 2012.
Ridenour, C. S., & Newman, I. (2008). Mixed methods research: Exploring the interactive continuum. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
Roberts, J. (2006). Limits to communities of practice. Journal of Management Studies, 43, 623–639. doi:10.1111/j.1467–6486.2006.00618.x
Roberts, N. (1976). Social considerations towards a definition of information science. Journal of Documentation, 32, 249–257. doi:10.1108/eb026627
Rosenbaum, H. (2014). The past: Brief comments on the history of social informatics. In P. Fichman & H. Rosenbaum (Eds.), Social informatics: Past, present, and future (pp. 2–28). Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Rosenberg, V. (1974). The scientific premises of information science. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 25, 263–269. doi:10.1002/asi.4630250409
Sapsford, R. (1999). Survey research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Savolainen, R. (1995). Everyday life information seeking: Approaching information seeking in the context of “way of life.” * Library and Information Science Research*, 17, 259–294. doi:10.1016/0740–8188(95)90048–9
Sawyer, S., & Eschenfelder, K. R. (2002). Social informatics: Perspectives, examples, and trends. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 36, 427–465. doi:10.1002/aris.1440360111
Sawyer, S., & Tapia, A. (2007). From findings to theories: Institutionalizing social informatics. The Information Society, 23, 263–275. doi:10.1080/01972240701444196
Scharber, C. (2009). Online book clubs: Bridges between old and new literacies practices. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 52, 433–437. doi:10.1598/JAAL.52.5.7
Scharber, C. M., Melrose, A., & Wurl, J. (2009). Online book clubs for preteens and teens. Library Review, 58, 176–195. doi:10.1108/00242530910942036
Schutt, R. (2009). Investigating the social world: The process and practice of research (6th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.
Seraj, M. (2012). We create, we connect, we respect, therefore we are: Intellectual, social, and cultural value in online communities. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 26, 209–222. doi:10.1016/j.intmar.2012.03.002
Shibutani, T. (1955). Reference groups as perspectives. American Journal of Sociology, 60, 562–569.
Shilton, K. (2010). Participatory sensing: Building empowering surveillance. Surveillance and Society, 8, 131–150.
Shilton, K., Koepfler, J. A., & Fleischmann, K. R. (2013). Charting sociotechnical dimensions of values for design research. The Information Society, 29, 259–271. doi:10.1080/01972243.2013.825357
Site. (2014). Oxford English Dictionary [Online version]. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Retrieved from http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/180472?rskey=lfhhMQ&result=2&isAdvanced=false#eid
Smith, L. C. (1981). “Memex” as an image of potentiality in information retrieval research and development. In R. N. Oddy (Ed.), Information retrieval research: Proceedings of SIGIR ’80, the 3rd annual ACM conference on research and development in information retrieval (pp. 345–369). London, UK: Butterworths.
Smith, L. C. (1991). Memex as an image of potentiality revisited. In J. N. Nyce & P. Kahn (Eds.), From memex to hypertext: Vannevar Bush and the mind’s machine (pp. 261–286). Boston, MA: Academic Press.
Sonnenwald, D. H. (2007). Scientific collaboration. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, 41, 643–681. doi:10.1002/aris.2007.1440410121
Sonnenwald, D. H., Marchionini, G., Wildemuth, B. M., Dempsey, B. J., Viles, C. L., Tibbo, H. R., & Smith, J. B. (1999). Collaboration services in a participatory digital library: An emerging design. In T. Aparac, T. Saracevic, P. Ingwersen, & P. Vakkari (Eds.), Proceedings of the Third International Conference on the Conceptions of Library and Information Science: Digital libraries: Interdisciplinary concepts, challenges, and opportunities (pp. 141–152). Lokve, Croatia: Benja Publishing. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.26.5897&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Star, S. L. (1989). The structure of ill-structured solutions: Boundary objects and heterogeneous distributed problem solving. In L. Gasser & M. N. Huhns (Eds.), Distributed artificial intelligence (Vol. 2, pp. 37–54). San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann.
Star, S. L. (2002). Infrastructure and ethnographic practice: Working on the fringes. Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems, 14, 107–122.
Star, S. L. (2010). This is not a boundary object: Reflections on the origin of a concept. Science, Technology and Human Values, 35, 601–617. doi:10.1177/0162243910377624
Star, S. L., Bowker, G. C., & Neumann, L. J. (2003). Transparency beyond the individual level of scale: Convergence between information artifacts and communities of practice. In A. P. Bishop, N. A. Van House, & B. P. Buttenfield (Eds.), Digital library use: Social practice in design and evaluation (pp. 241–269). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Star, S. L., & Griesemer, J. R. (1989). Institutional ecology, `translations’ and boundary objects: Amateurs and professionals in Berkeley’s Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 1907–39. Social Studies of Science, 19, 387–420. doi:10.1177/030631289019003001
Star, S. L., & Ruhleder, K. (1996). Steps toward an ecology of infrastructure: Design and access for large information spaces. Information Systems Research, 7, 111–134. doi:10.1287/isre.7.1.111
Star, S. L., & Strauss, A. (1999). Layers of silence, arenas of voice: The ecology of visible and invisible work. Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 8, 9–30. doi:10.1023/A:1008651105359
Storberg-Walker, J. (2008). Wenger’s communities of practice revisited: A (failed?) exercise in applied communities of practice theory-building research. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 10, 555–577. doi:10.1177/1523422308319541
Stover, K. M. (2009). Stalking the wild appeal factor: Readers’ advisory and social networking sites. Reference and User Services Quarterly, 48, 243–269.
Strauss, A. (1978). A social world perspective. In N. K. Denzin (Ed.), Studies in symbolic interaction: An annual compilation of research (Vol. 1, pp. 119–128). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1994). Grounded theory methodology: An overview. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The handbook of qualitative research (pp. 273–285). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Strauss, A., Schatzman, L., Bucher, R., Ehrlich, D., & Sabshin, M. (1964). Psychiatric ideologies and institutions. New York, NY: Free Press of Glencoe.
Stvilia, B., Jörgensen, C., & Wu, S. (2012). Establishing the value of socially-created metadata to image indexing. Library and Information Science Research, 34, 99–109. doi:10.1016/j.lisr.2011.07.011
Stvilia, B., Twidale, M. B., Smith, L. C., & Gasser, L. (2008). Information quality work organization in Wikipedia. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 59, 983–1001. doi:10.1002/asi.20813
Suchman, L., & Jordan, B. (1990). Interactional troubles in face-to-face survey interviews. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 85(409), 232–241.
Sutton, B. (2010). Qualitative research methods in library and information science. In M. J. Bates & M. N. Maack (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences (3rd ed., pp. 4380–4393). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Swan, J., Bresnen, M., Newell, S., & Robertson, M. (2007). The object of knowledge: The role of objects in biomedical innovation. Human Relations, 60, 1809 –1837. doi:10.1177/0018726707084915
Talja, S. (2002). Information sharing in academic communities: Types and levels of collaboration in information seeking and use. The New Review of Information Behavior Research, 3, 143–159.
Talja, S., Tuominen, K., & Savolainen, R. (2005). “Isms” in information science: Constructivism, collectivism and constructionism. Journal of Documentation, 61, 79–101. doi:10.1108/00220410510578023
Technology. (2013). Oxford English Dictionary [Online version]. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Retrieved from http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/198469?redirectedFrom=technology
Trant, J. (2006). Social classification and folksonomy in art museums: Early data from the steve.museum tagger prototype. In J. Furner & J. T. Tennis (Eds.), Advances in Classification Research: Volume 17. Proceedings of the American Society for Information Science and Technology Special Interest Group in Classification Research Workshop. Retrieved from http://www.archimuse.com/papers/asist-CR-steve–0611.pdf
Tsikerdekis, M. (2013). The effects of perceived anonymity and anonymity states on conformity and groupthink in online communities: A Wikipedia study. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 64, 1001–1015. doi:10.1002/asi.22795
Tuominen, K., & Savolainen, R. (1997). A social constructionist approach to the study of information use as discursive action. In P. Vakkari, R. Savolainen, & B. Dervin (Eds.), Information seeking in context: Proceedings of an international conference on research in information needs, seeking and use in different contexts (pp. 81–96). Los Angeles, CA: Taylor Graham. Retrieved from http://informationr.net/isic/ISIC1996/96_Tuominen.pdf
Tuominen, K., Talja, S., & Savolainen, R. (2003). Multiperspective digital libraries: The implications of constructionism for the development of digital libraries. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 54, 561–569. doi:10.1002/ asi.10243
Turner, T. C., & Fisher, K. E. (2006). The impact of social types within information communities: Findings from technical newsgroups. In Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS 39) (p. 135b). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE. doi:10.1109/HICSS.2006.471
Urquhart, C., Light, A., Thomas, R., Barker, A., Yeoman, A., Cooper, J., Armstrong, C., et al. (2003). Critical incident technique and explicitation interviewing in studies of information behavior. Library and Information Science Research, 25, 63–88. doi:10.1016/S0740–8188(02)00166–4
Van House, N. A. (2003). Digital libraries and collaborative knowledge construction. In A. P. Bishop, N. A. Van House, & B. P. Buttenfield (Eds.), Digital library use: Social practice in design and evaluation (pp. 271–295). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Vitak., J. (2012). The impact of context collapse and privacy on social network site disclosures. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 56, 451–470. doi:10.1080/08838151.2012.732140
Wacker, R. F. (1995). The sociology of race and ethnicity in the second Chicago School. In G. A. Fine (Ed.), A second Chicago school? The development of a postwar American sociology (pp. 136–163). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Wasko, M. M., & Faraj, S. (2000). “It is what one does”: Why people participate and help others in electronic communities of practice. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 9, 155–173. doi:16/S0963–8687(00)00045–7
Weinberg, D. (2009). Social constructionism. In B. S. Turner (Ed.), The new Blackwell companion to social theory (pp. 281–299). Wiley.
Wellman, B. (1982). Studying personal communities. In P. V. Marsden & N. Lin (Eds.), Social structure and network analysis (pp. 61–80). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Wellman, B. (1999). The network community: An introduction. In Networks in the global village: Life in contemporary communities (pp. 1–47). Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Wellman, B., & Gulia, M. (1999). Virtual communities as communities: Net surfers don’t ride alone. In M. A. Smith & P. Kollock (Eds.), Communities in cyberspace (pp. 167–194). New York, NY: Routledge.
Wenger, E. (1998). Communities of practice: Learning, meaning, and identity. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Wenger, E. (2000). Communities of practice and social learning systems. Organization, 7, 225–246. doi:10.1177/135050840072002
Wenger, E. (2006, June). Communities of practice: A brief introduction. Retrieved from http://www.ewenger.com/theory/index.htm
Wenger, E., McDermott, R. A., & Snyder, W. (2002). Cultivating communities of practice: A guide to managing knowledge. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Westbrook, L. (1997). Qualitative research. In R. R. Powell (Ed.), Basic research methods for librarians (3rd ed., pp. 143–163). Greenwich, CT: Ablex.
Whittaker, S., Isaacs, E., & O’Day, V. (1997). Widening the Net: The theory and practice of physical and network communities [CSCW ’96 workshop report]. SIGGROUP Bulletin, 18(1), 28–32. doi:10.1145/271159.271166
Wiese, J., Kelley, P. G., Cranor, L. F., Dabbish, L., Hong, J. I., & Zimmerman, J. (2011). Are you close with me? Are you nearby? Investigating social groups, closeness, and willingness to share. In J. Landay & Y. Shi (Chairs), Proceedings of the 2011 ACM Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (Ubicomp ’11) (pp. 197–206). New York, NY: ACM. doi:10.1145/2030112.2030140
Wilson, P. (1983). Cognitive authority in everyday life. In Second-hand knowledge: An inquiry into cognitive authority (pp. 123–163). Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Wilson, T. D. (1981). Sociological aspects of information science. International Forum on Information and Documentation, 6(2), 13–18.
Wilson, T. D. (1999). Models in information behaviour research. Journal of Documentation, 55, 249–270. doi:10.1108/EUM0000000007145
Woolsey, L. K. (1986). The critical incident technique: An innovative qualitative method of research. Canadian Journal of Counselling, 20, 242–254.
Worrall, A. (2010). Supporting community-building in digital libraries: A pilot study of LibraryThing. In A. Grove (Ed.), Proceedings of the 73rd ASIS&T Annual Meeting: Navigating streams in an information ecosystem, Pittsburgh, PA, October 22–27, 2010. Silver Spring, MD: American Society for Information Science and Technology. doi:10.1002/meet.14504701389
Worrall, A. (2013a). A boundary-centric approach to studying mobile information sharing. Ignite talk presentation given at the 13th Annual ASIS&T SIG USE Research Symposium: Information Behavior on the Move: Information Needs, Seeking, and Use in the Era of Mobile Technologies, 76th ASIS&T Annual Meeting, Montreal, Canada, November 2, 2013.
Worrall, A. (2013b). “Back onto the tracks”: Convergent community boundaries in LibraryThing and Goodreads. Paper presented at the 9th Annual Social Informatics Research Symposium: The Social Informatics of Information Boundaries, 76th ASIS&T Annual Meeting, Montreal, Canada, November 2, 2013.
Worrall, A. (2013c). The role of digital libraries as boundary objects within and across communities. In W. Moen (Chair), iConference 2013 proceedings (pp. 707–711), Fort Worth, TX, February 12–15, 2013. Champaign, IL: iSchools. doi:10.9776/13327
Worrall, A., & Oh, S. (2013). The place of health information and socio-emotional support in social questioning and answering. Information Research, 18(3). Retrieved from http://informationr.net/ir/18–3/paper587.html
Worrall, A. (2014). The roles of digital libraries as boundary objects within and across social and information worlds. Poster presented in the ALISE / Jean Tague-Sutcliffe Doctoral Poster Competition at the 2014 Association for Library and Information Science Education (ALISE) Annual Conference, Philadelphia, PA, January 21–24, 2014.
Worrall, A., Marty, P. F., Roberts, J., Burnett, K., Burnett, G., Hinnant, C. C., Kazmer, M. M., Stvilia, B., & Wu, S. (2012). Observations of the lifecycles and information worlds of collaborative scientific teams at a national science lab. In J.-E. Mai (Chair), iConference 2012 proceedings (pp. 423–425), Toronto, Canada, February 7–10, 2012. New York, NY: ACM. doi:10.1145/2132176.2132234
Yin, R. K. (2003). Designing case studies. In Case study research: Design and methods (3rd ed., pp. 19–56). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
You, S. (2010). Evaluative metadata in educational digital libraries: How users use evaluative metadata in the process of document selection (Doctoral dissertation). Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL. Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (3462371)
Zachry, M. (2008). An interview with Susan Leigh Star. Technical Communication Quarterly, 17, 435–454. doi:10.1080/10572250802329563
Zarro, M., & Hall, C. (2012). Pinterest: Social collecting for #linking #using #sharing [Poster]. In K. B. Boughida & B. Howard (Chairs), Proceedings of JCDL ’12, the 12th ACM / IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (pp. 417–418), June 10–14, 2012, Washington, DC. New York, NY: ACM. doi:10.1145/2232817.2232919
Zickuhr, K. (2013). Location-based services [Report]. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/2013/09/12/location-based-services/
Zubiaga, A., Körner, C., & Strohmaier, M. (2011). Tags vs shelves: From social tagging to social classification. In P. De Bra (Chair), Proceedings of HT ’11, the 22nd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia (pp. 93–102), Eindhoven, Netherlands, June 6–9, 2011. New York, NY: ACM. doi:10.1145/1995966.1995981